On 30 September, disgruntled military officers staged a coup that toppled Burkina Faso’s transitional navy chief Lieutenant-Colonel Paul-Henri Damiba. Eight months earlier, Damiba had himself taken over after deposing civilian president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré.
The most recent revolt was reportedly sparked by anger over additional funds to particular forces linked to Damiba. The scenario highlights deep divisions in Burkina Faso’s safety equipment that complicate the transition to constitutional rule. The coup additionally compounds insecurity attributable to rising violent extremism within the nation.
Captain Ibrahim Traoré led the latest coup and took over as interim chief. He accused Damiba of failing to revive safety within the nation and deviating from the imaginative and prescient of the Patriotic Motion for Safeguard and Restoration – the junta in place since January. Damiba’s conciliatory posture in the direction of former president Blaise Compaoré and people allied to him was deemed as undermining the junta.
Damiba’s elimination and the tensions which have simmered since then elevate the potential of clashes between officers loyal to him and people of Traoré. Battle has to this point been stalled by the intervention of conventional, spiritual and neighborhood leaders, however tensions stay between officers from rival camps.
The divisions stem from Compaoré’s institution of the Presidential Safety Regiment within the military and the longstanding privileges given its officers over different navy models. His coverage of favouritism and clientelism made regiment officers higher skilled and outfitted than their colleagues. The safety and survival of Compaoré’s regime was the final word objective, which meant navy coverage and follow weren’t advantage primarily based. This led to deep-seated resentment amongst varied ranks and insubordination and division in most models.
In October 2017, the federal government’s nationwide safety discussion board, comprised of safety forces, civil society and political events, highlighted these divisions and known as for complete safety sector reform. This wasn’t wholly supported by Kaboré, who was cautious of a military politicised by his predecessor. Reform efforts tended to be hasty and inconsistent and did little to restructure the safety sector.
Kaboré’s administration handed the navy programming regulation in 2017 and legalised self-defence teams such because the Volunteers for the Protection of the Homeland. In 2020 it shaped ‘cobra’ models devoted to combating terrorist teams. The next 12 months, a nationwide technique to stop violent extremism and a nationwide safety coverage have been adopted. Nonetheless, these piecemeal measures lacked coherence and did not unite the nation’s safety forces towards armed teams.
When Damiba took energy in January, no makes an attempt have been made to enhance previous insurance policies and practices. Regardless of asserting a governance audit of the armed forces to enhance their functioning, there was no follow-up. And the investigation into the Inata assault of November 2021, throughout which 53 gendarmes died, was by no means accomplished.
There was virtually no progress on safety sector reform, and violent extremism in northern Burkina Faso continued. In Djibo within the Sahel area, violent extremists imposed a seven-month blockade and carried out assaults. A 26 September assault destroyed a convoy carrying provides to the town, highlighting the federal government’s incapability to take care of the safety and humanitarian scenario.
Choices in regards to the common reorganisation of the armed forces and their employment additionally deepened tensions and undermined the military’s chain of command. For instance, in February, a nationwide theatre operations command centre was created with out enough readability about its reporting strains to the military’s chief of workers. This led to battle within the mobilisation of troops towards terrorist teams.
Relations between the military and the gendarmerie are strained following the latter’s refusal to undergo the military chief of workers. Not solely are the nationwide police and paramilitary our bodies marginalised, however particular forces have been confined to defending state officers as a substitute of engaged on counter-terrorism. Current promotions to the rank of common, which have been perceived as ‘presents’ to officers allied with Damiba, additionally heightened tensions.
Including to the scenario are persistent rumours within the navy as a result of lack of transparency across the alternative of strategic companions, collaboration with neighboring international locations, and the technique for dialogue with terrorist teams.
The absence of a cohesive safety sector has significantly undermined Burkina Faso’s capability to take care of the pressing downside of violent extremism. The nation’s new authorities should break from previous practices which have fueled tensions and divisions within the military, police and different safety buildings. Complete safety sector reform is significant to instil belief and confidence among the many varied models, increase morale and restore unity.
The administration of the military ought to be clear and accountable, with particular consideration to addressing injustices and perceptions of favouritism. The brand new management additionally must strengthen social ties amongst troopers and revive morale, that are important for bringing models collectively to deal with violent extremism.
The strategic and operational construction of the military additionally wants bettering, and the chain of command ought to be clarified. Coordination between models and their explicit missions is significant and requires a coherent institutional framework.
The forthcoming nationwide session to undertake a brand new transition constitution is a chance to insert safety sector reform into the transition priorities. This could facilitate the adoption of the draft nationwide safety technique and nationwide safety laws.
Lastly, the efforts of the Financial Group of West African States, United Nations and European Union to resolve the Burkina Faso disaster ought to embrace substantial and applicable assist for safety sector reform.
Written by Fahiraman Rodrigue Koné, Senior Researcher and Hassane Koné, Senior Researcher, Sahel Programme, ISS Regional Workplace for West Africa, the Sahel and the Lake Chad Basin.
Republished with permission from ISS Africa. The unique article may be discovered right here.
